ETCS is a signalling and controlling equipment used in the European Union (EU) trains. Through an in-cab equipment, ETCS is able to supervise train movements, monitors the speed of the train and stop them if permitted speed is exceeded.
GSM-R is an international wireless communication for railways that is based on the GSM networks.
In essence, ERTMS is a control standard which is based on the interoperability of trains within the European Union (EU).